We have 2 hypothesis, one for what we think will produce the highest voltage, and one for the lowest voltage. For the highest voltage we think that the lemon will produce the most. And we think the mini potato will produce the least voltage.

We think that because lemons have lots of citric acid compared to a mini potato which is small and might not create enough voltage to power a light bulb.

What is current: Current is the flow electricity through the wires. If the voltage is the water pressure, then current would be the flow of water. Its basically just like if the water from the hose only flowed a little every second, it would have low current.

What is voltage: Voltage is basically the thing that pushes the elctritiy forward. If a wire is a hose and the electricity is the water, the voltage is what pushes the water out of the hose, so if our hypothesis is correct and the lime produces the most electricity, it has the most voltage pushing the electricity out. There could be a bunch of electricity there, but with no voltage it will not come.

Our hypothesis was based on two main things: citric acid and size. The more citric acid the fruit has, the more voltage is produced. Size is also a big factor, because the bigger fruits are more likely to have more voltage stored in them. This is why it was surprising to have the lemon only produce 1.3 volts, when it has the most citric acid. Also surprising was that the mini potato only had 0.1 volts less than the normal potato, despite the big size difference.

The potato itself doesn't actually produce the voltage, it just helps the metal create the voltage because it has chemicals inside it that allow the the electricity to move between the two metals ( galvanized nail, penny). Inside of the potato there is little particles called ions, and ions help move the electricity move between the metals like a bridge. The zinc, ( galvanized nail ) creates electrons,  and the copper moves the electrons around, and the moving electrons creates electricity! The potatoes juice or citric acid helps move the electrons around, and the bigger the fruit, the more electrons there is. So if we added more potatoes, there would be more voltage! Basically, all the potatoes are like batteries, and the more batteries we have, the more electricity we have!

Think of it like a hill, the zinc is at the top of this hill and the copper (penny) is at the bottom, and the electrons want to go down the hill. Then the voltage would be how steep the hill is. The potato ( or whatever fruit were using ) is like a slide that makes it easier for the electrons to travel down the hill. It would be very hard without the potato. Also, just know that the potato doesn't get used up, because it just helps the electrons.

Changing on purpose We controlled our variables by using the same materials each time and only changing the type of fruit.

Responding variable: The amount of voltage each pair of vegetables make

Controlled variables:

• Number of vegetables/fruits used in each electricity generation
• same wiring
• Same volt meter
• same amount of zinc and copper

1. We make a hole in both of the fruits 
2. We insert our galvanized nails in each of the holes
3. Now we put our pennys in our fruits ( be careful not to push them in too far! )
4. next we wrap our wires around the penny on one of the fruits and the nail on the other
5. We bring the probes to the nail and penny that do not have wire wrapped around them.
6. Our volt meter shows us how much voltage the fruit produced!

Our results were that the normal potato had the most voltage with 1.9 volts, almost 2.0 volts! The lemon had the least amount of voltage with 1.3 volts. This was surprising to us because our hypothesis was that the lemon would have the most voltage because it has the most citric acid! One suprising thing we observed during our tests was that our mini potato produced only 0.1 volts less than the normal potato, despite the fact that theres a big size difference!

Our hypothesis was incorrect. Our original hypothesis was that the lemon would produce the most because it has the most citric acid. We also thought the mini potato would produce the least because its the smallest. The actual results showed the lemon with the least amount of voltage, and the mini potato with the second most! The actual fruit that produced the most voltage was the normal potato, only 0.1 volts ahead of the mini potato! The lowest scorer was the lemon, which was surprising because we thought it would have the highest voltage! 

Our hypothesis was proven incorrect, given how during our tests the mini potato always came in second place and the lime almost always came in last. The overall highest voltage producer was the normal potato, coming in first every test. The lemon produced the least amount of voltage in the first and second tests, though the tomato got less in the last ( third) test. So overall, the potato produced the most voltage, and the lemon produced the least voltage.

Here is a chart of our results:

We are doing this so we can find different ways to create electricity, using creative methods, and also because we know even a little of electricity can make a big difference in some places.

During our tests we actually had most things go pretty smoothly, but a few thing that went wrong like when we first started our experiments things were a bit confusing, but then we did a bunch of research and by now we know a bunch about electricity and voltage! Also, during our experiments we accidentally pushed the penny in too much a few times, and then we had to learn how to put them in at the perfect balance of how much the penny should go in.

we didnt use a lot of sites, but we had a few pictures we got from google, and used sites like chatgpt. https://www.google.com/search?q=potato+energy+experiment&rlz=1CABVOQ_enCA1196&oq=&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgAECMYJxjqAjIJCAAQIxgnGOoCMgkIARAjGCcY6gIyCQgCECMYJxjqAjIJCAMQIxgnGOoCMgkIBBAjGCcY6gIyCQgFECMYJxjqAjIJCAYQIxgnGOoCMgkIBxAjGCcY6gLSAQkxMzQwajBqMTWoAgiwAgHxBXXw41tKbUco&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on

chatgpt: https://chatgpt.com/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=paid_search&utm_campaign=GOOG_C_SEM_GBR_Core_CHT_BAU_ACQ_PER_MIX_ALL_NAMER_CA_EN_032525&c_id=22376911868&c_agid=175413814965&c_crid=741707849649&c_kwid={keywordid}&c_ims=&c_pms=9198479&c_nw=g&c_dvc=c&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=22376911868&gbraid=0AAAAA-I0E5eWqF8xKvOtgtCANBlO7cflK&gclid=Cj0KCQiA1czLBhDhARIsAIEc7uixqt742yp9fAX9-tdfuWquc0vFePH2XMyxDomVqesSJqLvZbbYHwEaAn1hEALw_wcB

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https://www.livescience.com/62570-potato-battery-conduct-electricity.html

https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/1507726937/potato-battery-experiment-pdf-download?dd_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F this is our slides: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1kQIAy7ZjGbXF90Y0IrdaT-lk0wEgQDEE0m6b6tX7P8Y/edit?slide=id.p#slide=id.p

thank you to both of our dads, who helped us a ton! Blakely's dad helped us understand what were doing and helped us out , and Nina dad gave us a lot of materials, including the voltage meter.