If a cabinet garden is equipped with proper lighting and airflow, then it can grow edible vegetables indoors during Calgary’s winter and potentially reduce grocery expenses through homegrown produce.

Calgary’s long, cold winters limit outdoor gardening to a few months per year. Indoor gardening offers a potential solution for year-round food production. LED grow lights provide the full spectrum of light needed for photosynthesis, while airflow helps prevent mold and disease. Cabinet gardens are compact and can be customized to fit small spaces, making them ideal for urban households. However, their effectiveness depends on environmental control, crop selection, and cost efficiency.

Independent Variables

• Lighting duration (changed from 12 to 16 hours/day)
• Airflow (fan speed increased slightly)
• Container size (small cups vs. 2L bottles)
• Plant spacing (reorganized on Feb 14)

Dependent Variables

• Plant growth (height, health, survival)
• Energy consumption (kWh and cost)
• Crop success/failure

Controlled Variables

• Cabinet environment (same lights, fans, location)
• Soil type
• Watering schedule (every 2 days)
• Seed source
• Indoor temperature and location

Materials

• Indoor Gardening Cabinet (2-level)
• QuickGrow LED Grow Lights (x5) – $400
  • Note that those used for this project are used Grow Lights that cost only $15 each. i.e. $80 instead of $400.
• 120mm PC Fans (x2) – $53
• Fan Mounts (x2) – $78
• Power Strip – $15
• Timer – $20
• Time-lapse Camera
• Plant Containers (bubble tea cups, 2L bottles, small pots, plastic tray with screen)
• Potting Soil
• Seeds: Han Yu radish, choy sum, green onion roots (grocery store)
• Power Energy Monitor

Total Setup Cost: $566 CAD + Cabinet Cost

Diagram 1: Cabinet Garden Setup with LED Lights and Fans “My cabinet garden setup with LED grow lights and fans. This enclosed space allowed me to control lighting and airflow for optimal indoor plant growth during Calgary’s winter.”

Steps

1. Assemble the cabinet and divide it into two growing levels.
2. Install LED grow lights and connect to a timer.
3. Install fans for airflow; run continuously.
4. Mount a time-lapse camera to capture growth.
5. Plant Han Yu radish, choy sum, and green onion in various containers.
6. Plant pea shoots in a tray on a plastic screen (no soil).
7. Set lights to 12 hours/day; increased to 16 hours/day on Jan 28.
8. Water plants every 2 days based on leaf turgor.
9. Monitor plant health and spacing; rearrange as needed.
10. Track daily energy use with a power monitor.
11. Increase fan speed slightly on Jan 31.

Diagram 2: Cabinet Layout with Labels Diagram 3: Time-lapse Camera Setup (Left - Upper Compartment, Right - Lower Compartment)

Planting and Replanting Timeline

Throughout the experiment, I tracked plant development and made adjustments based on what I observed. The table below summarizes key planting and replanting events.

Diagram 4: Indoor Gardening Activities Timeline

Results

Diagram 5: Before-and-After of Choy Sum Legginess Recovery (Leggy 25 Jan -> Soil Top Up 27 Jan -> Recovery 12 Feb) Diagram 6: Cabinet Before Reorganization for Spacing Diagram 7: Cabinet After Reorganization for Spacing

Diagram 8: Radish Root Thickening in 2-Liter Bottle Diagram 9: Radish Growth Status on 15 Feb 2026 Diagram 10: Choy Sum Growth Status on 15 Feb 2026 Diagram 11: Green Onion Growth Status on 15 Feb 2026

Lighting

Increasing light from 12 to 16 hours/day significantly improved plant health and reduced legginess.

Container Size

Han Yu radish grew better in 2-liter bottles than in small cups.

Airflow

Slightly increasing fan speed helped reduce humidity and mold risk.

Watering

Top-watering every 2 days based on leaf turgor was mostly effective.

Plant Spacing

Rearranging plants improved airflow and light access.

Failures

Pea shoots failed due to poor drainage and excess moisture.

Energy Use

After increasing light hours, energy use rose by \~35%, but plant growth improved.

Energy Consumption and Cost Analysis

• Total Energy Used: 81.91 kWh
• Total Cost: $5.73

Chart 1: Daily Energy Use (Jan 9–Feb 13)

Chart 2: Avg. Daily Energy Use Before vs After Jan 28

This project demonstrated that a cabinet garden can support the early growth of edible vegetables indoors during Calgary’s winter. Although no crops were harvested by the Calgary Youth Science Fair deadline, the plants showed strong development, especially after key environmental adjustments. Choy sum recovered from legginess, Han Yu radishes grew better in larger containers, and green onions began regrowing successfully from grocery scraps. The results support the revised hypothesis: with proper lighting and airflow, a cabinet garden can grow vegetables indoors during winter. Increasing the light duration from 12 to 16 hours per day significantly improved plant health, while airflow adjustments and plant spacing helped reduce mold risk and overcrowding. Although moisture control was not automated, manual top-watering based on leaf turgor was generally effective. The failure of the pea shoots highlighted the importance of drainage and humidity management, offering a valuable lesson for future improvements. From a cost perspective, the system used an average of 2.09 kWh per day after lighting adjustments, costing approximately $0.15/day. While the initial setup cost was $859 CAD, the garden is expected to yield multiple harvests over time, potentially reducing grocery expenses and food waste. Overall, this project shows that cabinet gardening is a promising method for sustainable, year-round food production in cold climates. With continued care and future upgrades, such as improved moisture control or automated watering, the system can become even more efficient and productive.

This project has real-world applications for urban households, especially in cold climates like Calgary. Cabinet gardens can help reduce grocery costs, increase food security, and promote sustainability by allowing people to grow fresh produce year-round. They also reduce food waste by regrowing kitchen scraps like green onions. With improvements like automated watering or humidity control, cabinet gardens could become a practical solution for apartment dwellers, students, or anyone with limited outdoor space.

QuickGrow LED Grow Light Specifications

QuickGrow. (n.d.). LED lights combination. https://quickgrow.com/product/l-e-d-lights-combination/

ENMAX Easymax Electricity Rates

ENMAX. (n.d.). Easymax electricity and natural gas plans. https://www.enmax.com/electricity-and-natural-gas/easymax

I would like to thank my parents for helping me set up the cabinet and purchase materials, and my science teacher for providing guidance and feedback throughout the project.