8.6 million women contribute to the mortality rates of myocardial infarction deaths every singular year . Half of those women aren’t aware they are experiencing a myocardial infarctions. This is due to the misconception of the usage of male myocardial infarction symptoms which are transmitted for female diagnoses. The sex bias is ever evolving and research is not being perpetuated on female myocardial infarctions. The constriction of the arteries and plaque build up is a main cause of myocardial infarction and yes both men and women share such characteristics during a myocardial infarction but this does not mean that there are no differential components of exertion of heart attack symptoms with in men and women. Women suffering from a myocardial infarction often appear asymptomatic or with atypical symptoms however this is due to the symptoms not mirroring the prevalent referenced symptoms that have been exhibited by men. It is a necessity for atypical symptoms to become typical within myocardial infarctions . But to help perpetuate the act of efficient hospital intervention feasible efficient detection is a requirement.

Method My method that is implemented into the eradication of sex bias when referring to myocardial infarction in women goes as follows.

Step 1: Buy all materials listed from page fifteen to sixteen it will be exhibited with diagrams with in those pages it is also provided here

• Materials
• lactate oxidase (LOx) electrode
• Glucose oxidase/hexokinase electrode
• Vishal dale 3W wire wound metal resistors Hifi
• Micro fluidic flow channel
• Graphite counter electrode
• Hydrophobic coater
• R tube EBC collection device
• ID resistor
• Custom 3D printed exhaled breath condensate sampler inlet
• Output connectors for hand held meter
• Small glassy carbon rod electrode
• Ebc condensate collection tube

Step 2: Next design the micro channel structure that could be exhibited through the usage of auto CAD software. ( materials for this includes micro fluidic flow channel , R tube  and 3D printed sampler inlet).  Dimensions are a key aspect so refer to these dimensions while using auto CAD. (Micro fluidic  channel width: 17mm , micro fluidic channel height : 1.45 microns. R tube 0.3 microns for filter, 0.8 mm tubing diameter. EBC sampler inlet 0.8mm inner diameter).

Step 3 Create the PDMS device layer Prepare the polydimethyloxane  mixture by combining the base curing agent within a bowl with a 10 : 1 ratio. Pour the PDMS into the 3D printed mold and put it into the oven at an elevated temperature of 115 degrees Celsius for an hour. Remove the PDMS layer from the mold this will act as the channel structure layer.

Step 4 Lactic acid and Adenosine Triphosphate electrode pre treatment  Rinse the bare electrode with deionized water and then absolute ethanol to remove impurities . Dry the electrodes by implementing them into the oven at a low heat (60 degrees Celsius). Due to this project requiring a gassy carbon electrode, polishing is necessary, by polishing it using alumina slurries of varying grades ( 1.0 , 0.3 and 0.05 microns ) before rinsing and drying.

Step 5 Embed the conductive materials with the inclusion of the PLA   polymer with a high weight percentage (e.g., 20-40% or more) of a conductive filler like graphite powder ( this is used to to create functional interfaces for electrokinetic  manipulation and sensing ).

Step 6 Integrate connection through ID resistor  Locate the two  terminals  or pads on the id resistor and connect one terminal  of the ID resistor to the working electrode input.( counter electrode to reference electrode ). The second ID resistor terminal gets connected to the reference electrode. This is used as the reference electrodes working electrode.

All steps coalesced version

1. Follow the instructions exhibited above to design, and test my breath-analysis mechanism and all necessary components. This includes ensuring the functionality of your version of the mechanism is feasible and non detrimental to participants.
2. Once recruiting individuals it is a necessity that bias is not implicated( no contortion of test due to the fact you are aware of prior medical conditions which are not prevalent).The tests should be conducted ethically, ensuring that participation is entirely voluntary and free from pressure or coercion.
3. Clearly convey to potential participants any foreseeable impediments, inconveniences, or minimal risks associated with the study. Emphasize the simplicity of the tests and any possible minimal impediments.
4. Curate a consent and information form that explicitly outlines what participants are required to do, as well as what they are not obligated to do. Also note in your consent form of how extortion of information will not occur and how anonymity will be
5. curate an email that specifies in the perpetuation for future diagnoses and the premise of the project and how it correlates with myocardial infarction diagnoses and efficient hospital intervention. As well implements the scientific aspect of it and what components are involved. Example email-

Dear potential Participant, You are invited to take part in a research project called Cardia Femme, this is an innovative study designed to improve early detection and intervention for women who often experience gender bias due to atypical symptoms during a myocardial infarction (Heart Attack). This will take place from December 19 to Jan 29 ( will not be consecutive days in a row). In case of any doubt I will explain thoroughly the project which is a simple, non-invasive breath-analysis mechanism that identifies gender-specific biomarkers through exhaled breath. Participation in this study is completely voluntary. Individuals between the ages of 13 and 76 are eligible to participate. Anyone outside this age range, or anyone unable to provide informed consent, will not be included. Participants under the age of 18 must require parental or guardian consent prior to joining the study. Before you decide whether to participate, you will receive a clear explanation of the project, via email this includes its purpose, procedures, and the simplicity and safety of theEBc biomarker detecting mechanism. All expectations are designed to be reasonable and achievable for participants. Your involvement in this project will contribute to advancing women’s cardiovascular health and may help improve early-detection methods for future generations. If you choose to participate, you may withdraw at any time without penalty or consequence. Thank you for considering this opportunity to support innovative research in women’s health. Sincerely, Josie daskal ( in this case your name)

6.When a participant arrives at the designated testing location, ensure the space is clean, quiet, and sufficiently spacious. This is particularly important to help alleviate any anxiety or discomfort participants may experience before or during the procedure.

7.Before beginning the test, clearly explain each step of the process. Inform the participant that they will be asked to breathe into a tube, describe how long the procedure will take, and explain when results are expected to appear. Reiterate that the test is experimental and that results are not guaranteed to be fully accurate or diagnostic. 8. Instruct the participant to exhale into the tube as directed in order to collect the exhaled breath condensate.

9. the breath sample has been collected\, inform the participant that results will take approximately 15 minutes to process. During the duration of time allow the participant to remain seated . Once the process is complete\, test results will be shared explicitly.

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conclusion

In conclusion, considering that my project is not fully completed, I’m unaware of a conclusive validated answer. But through the combination of information that I’ve gained so far and conclusive diagnosis from a plethora of other people doing similar things for differentiated causes. I believe that this mechanism would be applied effectively and efficiently in a potential hospital intervention, or real world situation. Looking at it from the underlying cause of why this mechanism could aid a multitude of people I would say that I have developed a conclusion for that aspect. Momentarily the mechanism is not completed so results are Independent from this statement.I conclude that this project will help perpetuate diagnosis within women suffering from a myocardial infarction with atypical symptoms through a multitude of research and validation from a plethora of experts.

conclusion

In conclusion, considering that my project is not fully completed, I’m unaware of a conclusive validated answer. But through the combination of information that I’ve gained so far and conclusive diagnosis from a plethora of other people doing similar things for differentiated causes. I believe that this mechanism would be applied effectively and efficiently in a potential hospital intervention, or real world situation. Looking at it from the underlying cause of why this mechanism could aid a multitude of people I would say that I have developed a conclusion for that aspect. Momentarily the mechanism is not completed so results are Independent from this statement.I conclude that this project will help perpetuate diagnosis within women suffering from a myocardial infarction with atypical symptoms through a multitude of research and validation from a plethora of experts

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12237364/#:\~:text=Global%20burden%20of%20total%20cardiovascular,com/MD/P340 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11121322/#B1-healthcare-12-00972 https://www.goldbio.com Sciencedirect.com/science/articlelabslp:/500362010001 Pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/article/PMC6107466 Https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3743392/ Https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6107466 Https://www.ottawahearts.ca>thebest>news>nownewresearch-protectinghearts amidshiftingclimate Researchgatenet/figure/EBCfromairwaylining Https://www.abcam.com/en-us/products/assay-kits/ab83355 https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/productdocumnent/262/439/mak/90bul.polf Researchgate.net/figure/TOP-micronit-FLC503-flow-channel-microfluidic-chip-with-1-32inch-0.8mm-outside-fig2-351971310

I would like to acknowledge the following people: My mother (Tamar Epstein) and father ( Lav Daskal) for being adamant about me continuing onwards after I found some disheartening information about my previous science fair project to the extent where it was a necessity to change it. Also incessantly buying me materials that were a necessity for my project.

I would like to acknowledge Rachel Philips for helping to perpetuate my ideas and also being inquisitive about my project.

I would like to acknowledge Liv multani, Rutvi Suryawanshi, Annika Custodio, Inaya Thanawala, Aisha Nafees, Suhavi Luthra, and Kassiah Caleb for aiding me by keeping me enthusiastic and determined to proceed with my project.

I would like to acknowledge my grandfather Marcelo Epstein for advocating for me to others so that I could converse with them which was beneficial for my project. I would like to thank Dr. Di Martino for aiding me in some topics that could be beneficial for my project and also conversing with me as if I were an adult . As well being earnest and sincere about complications in my project.