If a person has a bicuspid aortic valve instead of a normal tricuspid valve, the heart has to push blood through a smaller, stiffer opening. This extra work causes the heart muscle to get thick and tired, eventually leading to heart failure because the body isn't getting the blood it needs. If not treated. By Abdulazeez If a person has the bicuspid aortic valve instead of a normal valve because its smaller it causes the heart to work harder so it gets tired from all the work and it might result to a heart attack or heart failure if doesent get treated. By Hamza

For our research we used google mainly and educational sites such as Mayo Clinic and for our educational photos we got them from sites such as Getty images and google photos.

• Foam: For the heart's shape and backing.4 Plastic syringe 60ml: To act as the pumping chambers (atrium and ventricle).
• Plastic Tubing/Hoses: To act as the veins and arteries.
• Syringe (60ml): To create the pumping pressure.
• Non-return Valves (One-way valves): These are the most important part—they act as your tricuspid, bicuspid, and aortic valves.
• Red & Blue Liquid tide detergent to make the thickness of the blood mixed with food coloring.
• Hot Glue & Utility Knife.

1. Construct the Heart

• Draw a large anatomical heart on cardboard and cut it out. Use foam or additional cardboard to create the 3D "walls" of the heart
• Label the four chambers: Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle.

2. Install the Valve System

• Tricuspid & Bicuspid Valves: Place one-way valves in the tubing between the Atriums and the Ventricles . These ensure blood only flows from the top chambers to the bottom ones.
• Aortic Valve: Place a one-way valve in the tube exiting the Left Ventricle. This mimics the aortic valve preventing blood from flowing back into the heart after being pumped to the body.

3. Set Up the Pump (The blood circulating)

• Connect the tubing to a large syringe filled with air or water.
• When you push the syringe, it creates pressure that forces the liquid through the one-way valves .
• The liquid will move through the "veins" (blue) into the right side, and through the "arteries" (red) out of the left side.

4. The Finishing Touches

• Seal all tube connections with hot glue to ensure the system is airtight and leak-proof .
• Paint the right side blue (deoxygenated blood) and the left side red (oxygenated blood) to make the model easy to understand for the judges.
• I also made a bend on one of the tubes to make the feal of a bicuspid and tricuspid

The normal arteries and heart valve were very small but in aortic valve stenosis they would become either bigger or smaller causing if smaller to clog and if bigger to flow backwards

While many people have no symptoms for years, this structural difference can cause the valve to narrow, reducing blood flow to the body, or leaking , causing blood to flow backward into the heart. These issues can cause the heart to work harder, leading to fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness. In some cases, the aorta can also widen, which requires careful monitoring. While it is a chronic condition that can be serious if left unchecked, regular check-ups like echo cardiograms allow doctors to monitor the valve and prevent complications, often allowing people to live normal, healthy lives.While many people have no symptoms for years, this structural difference can cause the valve to narrow, reducing blood flow to the body, or leaking , causing blood to flow backward into the heart. These issues can cause the heart to work harder, leading to fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness. In some cases, the aorta can also widen, which requires careful monitoring. While it is a chronic condition that can be serious if left unchecked, regular check-ups like echo cardiograms allow doctors to monitor the valve and prevent complications, often allowing people to live normal, healthy lives.

This is from our slide show

Anyone with a bicuspid aortic valve needs regular health checkups and imaging tests. Echocardiograms can check for a narrowed or leaking aortic valve. The test also looks for changes in the size of the aorta. Treatment for a bicuspid aortic valve depends on how severe the heart valve disease is. It may include medicines, procedure, surgery to fix or replace the valve. There are no medicines to repair a bicuspid aortic valve. But medicines may be used to treat symptoms caused by heart valve disease. For example, your healthcare professional may recommend blood pressure medicine. Also you can have a medical procedure to replace the valve to a normal tricuspid valve

To apply our findings on aortic valve stenosis, we will develop a medical log book in Google Docs that outlines the our work and progression of the study. Alongside a high-impact in Canva that uses all the data to illustrate how valve dilation leads to backward blood flow.

We were on the right track, but we missed a crucial physiological detail: while aortic stenosis involves the narrowing of the valve, the resulting pressure can cause the heart or the valve base to dilate, ultimately leading to regurgitation where blood flows backward.

• Video Source: Dibujo Real. "Como Hacer Una Maqueta Del Corazón Con Movimiento Fácil." YouTube, 22 Oct. 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZWFYai8d-I.
• Medical Source: Mayo Clinic Staff. "Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms and Causes." Mayo Clinic, 2024, www.mayoclinic.org.
• AI Research Tool: Google Gemini. "Technical Method and Structural Support for Heart Valve Model." Google AI, Mar. 2026.
• Also my father because he has this problem

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Dibujo Real YouTube channel for the building instructions used to create this moving heart model. Their video helped me turn plastic bottles and tubing into a working pump that shows how blood moves. I also want to thank the Mayo Clinic for providing clear medical information that helped me understand how the tricuspid, bicuspid, and aortic valves act like one-way doors in the human body. Additionally, I am grateful to Google Gemini and Google Search for acting as research tools. These resources helped me simplify difficult medical terms and organize my science fair project. By using these tools, I was able to better explain how heart conditions like "stuck valves" (stenosis) affect how a person's heart pumps blood to the rest of the