🧪 Hypothesis🧪 

Is the 5-second rule; true or false and are there different outcomes for different seconds of the food on the floor? I think this is false because I learned that food can be harmful to consume if it is dropped on the floor. If food is dropped on the floor for 5 seconds then it will have bacteria on it and adding more time will make bacteria grow larger.

 🧪 Null Hypothesis 🧪

If the incubator doesn't work then I will still be able to get the results because I used agar powder.

 

 

 

QUESTIONS:

-How did the 5-second rule originate-Kapoor?

 

-What are germs-samarveer?

 

-what do germs look like-samarveer?

 

-What is the 5-second rule-samarveer?

 

-Can germs get on the food before 5 seconds-japnoor?

 

-does the food used to manipulate the outcome-japnoor?

 

-what germs can be found in people's houses-japnoor?

 

-does washing the food eliminate the germs -japnoor?

 

-can germs multiply after a while?- japnoor

 

HOW DID THE 5-SECOND RULE ORIGINATE

 

The 5-second rule or second rule is a rule that if you drop a food item for example an apple and pick it up in under 5 seconds no bacteria or germs will grow all over it. The first written reference was in 1955 with the first time the rule was introduced. Did You Just Eat It is a book written by scientist Paul Dawson and food microbiologist Brian Sheldon. the legend originates back with Genghis Khan. The Mongol leader rumored about a rule called the Khan rule. This rule is that if food drops at a banquet if food drops it will stay there for as long khan wants the idea that if the food is on the floor no germs and bacteria would get on because Khan thought that the food was so special even if it is on the floor it would be safe and healthy to eat. But back then they didn't know about microorganisms and the relationships with human illnesses were far later. People thought that wiping off the dirt would eliminate any non-edible food but they were wrong. Six centuries after Can died the thing of germ theory evolved as the Encyclopedia Britannica, perhaps the most overarching advance in the 19th century. It was about how tiny invisible bacteria and organisms were the cause for some of the diseases found at the time. People know about how germs are found everywhere and may be harmful. It Is still tough for people to not just pick it up and eat it when it slipped out of its fingers. Robyn Miranda, a Ph.D. candidate in food science at Rutgers University tested out these claims in their myth and origins about the 5-second rule. She found that for every food item she tried there were germs. But we don't know before Genghis Khan if there was another trace of the 5-second rule.

 

WHAT ARE GERMS

Germs are microscopic bacteria that can be harmless or dangerous and could cause different infections that could cause vomiting. They could also make viruses and fungi stuff if you want to prevent that from happening and learn at school about this amazing information you can wash your hands with soap so they would not be infected with germs on your hands. Also, a cool fact that you want to learn is that some of these microphonic bacteria can help your digestive system in your body which could keep the harmful bacteria moving and could help you. Some bacteria can also help you with vaccines and medicines so you can be healthy. Viruses are even tinier than bacteria. But at the same time, there are a few sides that bacteria could cause cavities and ferocious ear infections plus it could infect your throat and urinary tract. Plus Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections in your body. Viruses can contain only for a short period and they could infect your body fluid.

 Plus viruses are very common to have because if it is cold outside and you are spilling crazy around and come inside with no gear on you might have a cold the next day. Plus viruses could be serious diseases but they contain what diseases you have there are some that you need a lot of medication for and are difficult to solve even could be very dangerous.    

 

Can germs get on the food before 5 seconds?s

Food can get germs on it the second it touches the floor. If it is left there for longer it's a higher chance that it has harmful germs that can lead to diseases like diarrhea. Researchers at the Aston University of Life and Health Science in England stated that the type of surface that the food has been dropped on can change the results. It was also learned that food on a carpet is less likely to have germs. Germs have a higher chance to stay on the food item if it's moist if it was on the floor for more than 5 seconds. Other studies at Aston University found that pathogens transfer themselves the second they touch the tiles on your kitchen floor. Moist foods that are left longer than 30 seconds can have 10 times more time for pathogens than 5 seconds and they can start carrying diseases that might be deadly. Aston Hilton the leader of this experiment said that dry food that is dropped on the carpet had the slowest rate of having germs on it. Different diseases that might be found on the food item if it is left there for a long period of time are diarrhea, salmonella, food poisoning, digestive issues, etc. It is not safe to eat food that is on the floor especially if it is found on tiled flooring and left on there food for a long period of time.

 

                     

 

How are some bacteria good for your health?
?

People say that bacteria have a worse reputation but many bacteria are severely great for one of the important parts of your health like your digestive system. Also, it could help you to absorb all of the nutrients for you plus they could give you several vitamins that could take care of your health. Also, the helpful bacteria can protect you from the worst bacteria that can harm your protective 

Insides. Plus some of the protective germs could help if you have a harmful disease. If a good bacteria comes into your insides it will be like a gate so it is protecting your ex. But the bad thing is when you are injured and you put antibiotics on that injured you take out the bad bacteria at the same time you are taking away the great bacteria that was inside of you. Also, this will be very bad for you because then you will be unbalanced and that could lead you to diarrhea.   

 

 

Is the food used to manipulate the outcome?

 

Fruits and vegetables, it is known to have a large bacterial population. There can be a large amount of harmful bacteria so you need to wash it before you can eat it. Most people eat fruits and vegetables raw; it can lead to pathogens(disease) at a wide spread of the disease around everywhere. In addition to that small microbes can have a less direct impact on the human that consumed it. Produce associated with microbes have effects on the rates of spoilage. Many of these microbes found on your surface come from produce. Different types of produce can have different microbes on it. Some other factors are where it is held. For example, if The produce is held in a fridge or if the produce is just left on the counter. Non-pathogenic microbes may inhabit the food source. There is a higher chance for pathogens to go on the produce item if they are grown near the ground or from the ground. Farming practices also have an impact on whether or not pathogens are on the food or non-pathogenic microbes inhabit the produce. So in conclusion, yes the food item can change the outcome but there are also different key parts that you need to consider.

 

 

what germs can be found in people's houses?

 

Scientists from NSF found that sponges, toothbrushes, and even dishwashers have the highest number of microorganisms that could be pathogenic or nonpathogenic. The scientist found yeast and mold when doing their research. A group of scientists led by Jordan found that the most common bacteria found in people's houses were Eptosphaerulina chartarum, Epicoccum nigrum, and Wallemia sebi. Then the most abundant (largest quantity) were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacteria families. Homes with pets like dogs, cats hamsters, and bunnies found more diverse bacterial species. Then houses with water leaks have more fungi found in their house compared to houses that don't. In Korea, they tested what germs inhabit refrigerators and toilets. The researcher found in Korea that the microorganisms that get transferred to toilets and refrigerators live on us. This means that we are the Source of a lot of the microorganisms that live in our environment. So in conclusion there are a lot of diverse bacteria and germs that are found in your house and a lot of the germs in your house live on you.

 

 

does washing the food eliminate the germs

 

The Ohio State University said that (  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says washing your produce under running water can prevent you from becoming infected ). Porous food (water and air through it) needs to be rinsed for at least ten to twenty seconds. Some examples of porous are strawberry vegetables like green onions and bean sprouts are considered porous. For most porous ten to twenty seconds is enough but strawberries are very porous so it has more areas for bacteria make it so that the water is running vigorously and put it under for five seconds longer. How should you wash vegetables or fruits with peels? For example oranges, banana watermelons, and apples. For smooth peels, you don't need to wash it for too long, only ten to fifteen seconds. But for fruits like berries because when washed it can lose its quality. For products with its whole peel like oranges or bananas, a rinse isn't even necessary because of its hard peel that makes it impossible for microorganisms to pass through. But even if you wash the fruit it doesn't 100% eliminate all the germs. An example is if the lettuce is contaminated with E. coli and you scrub it won't contaminate the lettuce. Another example is if bacteria makes it outside of a fruit it doesn't make much of a difference if you rinse it because you only cleanse the outer layer when the inside is infected. This  Is what Liz Weinandy a registered dietitian at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center said  (Washing fruits and vegetables removes some of the bacteria out there – but not all of it.). So in conclusion, rinsing your food before eating it is good to stay healthy. but it doesn't fully erase all of the germs that might be on it because it might have already made it past the outside of the fruit. It also says that different types of food like porous need a different amount of time rinsing.

 

 

can germs multiply after a while

 

Bacteria is the fastest reproducing organism. It multiplies every 4 to 20 minutes. Bacteria-like pathogens are fast-growing. Pathogens like e-coli can get you extremely sick. Bacteria multiply by growing and then splits which makes it multiply. This process is called fission for propagation. Before binary fission can occur it needs to copy its genetic code (DNA). Some things that influence how long it takes for it to multiply are   Some bacteria that have the temperature. The exact temperature of optimal bacterial growth is 10 degrees Celsius. There is also unusual bacteria growth that makes it grow twice its original size. This means that bacteria like E coli can multiply. bacteria need moisture to be able to grow. But some bacteria don't need to be BEcause they can survive dehydration. But if water is put on it it can be a high risk. If that happens it has to be put in a refrigerator or it might have bacteria growth. So yes bacteria can multiply after a while and it can be harmful to your health.

 

 

                

 

 What do germs look like

                                                                                ?

Germs look like microscopic orbs that have viruses that are deadly for you For example coronavirus is a deadly microscopic bacteria that could cause you many diseases. Also, they look like these rough and sticky particles that you do not want to touch.  

This is a germ that is very harmful to you and looks so rough and sticky that you don’t want to touch it with your bare hands. You do not want to touch them with your bare hands. After all, it could have symptoms that will be difficult to cure because some are so harmful to you.

 

                               

 

  

 

What is the 5-second rule?

The 5-second rule is a common belief that if you drop a food item on the group within five seconds it is good to eat that item. Also, they will say that it won’t contain any symptoms to your body. Also, some people discover that if you drop the item within five seconds some symptoms will still rapidly go on that item. People said that if your food item had fallen on the ground it would be safe that you still have to clean the item because it will have some symptoms and it will be safe for your health so you do not need to go to the doctor. Plus in my decision, I think that this common belief is not real because for an ex. If you are playing outside and you drop that food on that dirty ground that food item that you drop right now will have some bacteria on it and it will not be able to eat it. Plus that will lead you to have dangerous symptoms in your body and if those symptoms are still in your body and not cured they will lead you to infections and diseases this is a reason that what is the five-second rule and what outcomes come with it if you eat the item. But overall the 5-second rule is a common belief.     

 

 

🧪Variables🧪

Controlled: All the apples are dropped on the same part of the floor. The apple slices that are used are from the same apple. Every time it is swabbed, 5 times across the apple slice. 

 

Manipulated: The only variable that changes every time is the amount of time the apple is on the floor. The different times on the floor for each apple slice are one second, 5 seconds,10 seconds, and 15   seconds. This will get you different results.

 

Responding: The result is the amount of bacterial colonies on a petri dish. You count the bacteria by dotting the yellow or white blobs. Please make sure to mark the inside of the petri dish lid.

 

 

🧪Procedure 🧪

1.  Gather all materials 
2.  Prepare agar for the Petri dishes
3.  First, stir 8 grams of agar in 375 ml of water 
4.  Stir and bring the temperature to a boil
5.  Cool to 50°C, and add it equally to each Petri dish
6.  Gather and cut apples
7.  Wait for an incubator to go to 37°C 
8.  Drop one apple slice on the floor for 1 second
9. Use a swab to gather the juice of an apple (make sure you wear gloves and use Long cotton swabs) and put on a Petri dish 
10. Drop another apple for 5 seconds (repeat step 8)
11. Drop the 3rd apple for 10 seconds(repeat step 8)
12. Drop the last apple for 15 seconds(repeat step 8)
13. Tape the lid on and label the base 
14. Wait 72 hours for results 
15. Take out samples and record data

 

 🧪Observations 🧪

1 The petri dish became more yellow and all the bacterial colonies were wide apart. The bacterial colonies are these white large cotton-like spores. It smells like rotten apples which I think is because I used apples for the experiment.

2: The petri dish is way more yellow than the first time. All the bacterial colonies are all together but still have small gaps in between. It is like cotton dots and looks less like spores like the 1st time I tried. It has way more colonies compared to the 1st time I tried. It smells similar to the first time I tried.

3: The petri dish is a similar yellow to the first and second times. It has close-together bacterial colonies but still with small gaps so it doesn't touch. It smells similar to the 2 second time I tried. The bacterial colonies are yellowish and still look like cotton. It looks likes spores, unlike the 2nd time I have tried. 

 🧪Conclusion🧪

In conclusion, my hypothesis is correct because, for every second on the floor, it had at least 9 bacterial colonies. The results I got were 1 second 10 colonies, 5 seconds were 19, 10 with 68, and 15 with 91. We also learned that within time, bacteria can grow into large cotton-like spores.

 

 

 

1 https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z243g82/revision/1 

2 https://youtu.be/6-chXVgu8Z0?feature=shared

3 https://youtu.be/UBuH1b0Dqm0?feature=shared 

4 https://youtu.be/tze8fiJQvZQ?feature=shared 

5 Binary Fission and other Forms of Reproduction in Bacteria | CALS. 

6 PNNL: Just How Fast Can Bacteria Grow? It Depends.

7 How important is it to wash fruits and vegetables before eating? | Ohio State Medical Center 

8 Good vs. Bad Germs: Here's What You Should Know

9 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609859/ 

10 https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/the-origin-of-the-five-second-rule/ 

11 Microbes in our homes: Dangerous or not??

12 Fact or Fiction?: The 5-Second Rule for Dropped Food | Scientific American

13 5 Second Rule: Myth or Fact?

14 What is the 5 Second Rule?

15 Is the 5-Second Rule Real?

16 The 5 Second Rule | Science project

17 The five-second rule: Designing an experiment

18 5 Second Rule Experiment on Food

19 The 5-Second Rule (for Kids) - Nemours KidsHealth

-I  thank Ms. Easton who helped my project get better

-I'm  thankful to some of the students who gave me tips about how to make my tri-fold good

-I thank my mom who helps me cut out my work.

-I thank my brother for giving me tips on what I could write

-I thank my partner for  helping me 

-I thank ms jones for helping me 

-I thank ms duel for some tips to help people who are reading my presentation more engaged

- I'm thankful for the student who graded my trifold and gave me good feed back