Is there a planet B?

Which planets are the most suitable for terraforming?
Isihaq Hussain Yoel Baraki
Grade 7

Presentation

No video provided

Problem

Method

Research

The process of how to terraform Venus:

 

  1. The atmosphere

 

The atmosphere on Venus is extremely dense, with an abundance of molecules and very little space between them. This makes it very easy to trap heat and creates the killing heat. Venus’s atmosphere is 93% more dense than the atmosphere on Earth. Just walking on Venus has the same amount of pressure as swimming approximately 900 meters deep in the ocean. The immense pressure would almost instantly kill you. 

 

The most effective way to take away almost all of the atmosphere would be using a humongous mirror. 

Angling light perfectly around Venus freezing the planet while the light would be bounced back to the front mirrors balancing the force from the front and keeping them into position.

 

After many years of cooling the planet, the amount of heat will rapidly decrease. The atmosphere will lose almost double the molecules which will then prevent greenhouse gasses from reappearing.

 

In approximately 60 years a massive flood will ensue. Due to the CO2 turning to liquid at this pressure. A constant planet-wide rainstorm will be constantly happening for about 30 years.  This turns minor puddles into lakes and oceans. As temperatures are still under zero it will freeze the water on the planet.

 

2)Melting.

 

 decreasing these new “lakes and oceans” will start freezing. Since we can't melt the ice, the CO2 would come back and restart the process.

We could use a Skyhook. In the short term, it's a sling that has two latches that can carry items through space saving resources.  

              This would slowly take away the ice on the surface of the planet.


 

3. Making the Atmosphere breathable and introducing life.

            

The simplest way to introduce a similar day and night cycle would be by adding two mirrors that can

Illuminate the planet well enough to melt the ice and make way for the young continents. This will mean we will be able to control the amount of energy we get and where the output will go. The first inhabitants will most likely be trillions of cyanobacteria who will then photosynthesize to balance the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere.

 

Background info on Mars

Mars is the 4th planet of our solar system. It is the second smallest planet in the solar system about half the size of earth.A day on mars is 24 hours, 37 minutes, and 22.66 seconds almost the same as earth's.A year on mars is about 669 mars days and 687 earth days. Mars can reach to as high as 20 degrees Celsius or as low as about --153 degrees Celsius 


 

Mars’s form Before and why is it in the from it is know

Before diving to how to terraform Mars we need to know its current form and it's from long ago, to help find out the steps to make it compatible for life. Before Mars had lakes and possibly flowing rivers. It also used to have a thick atmosphere and it also had a magnetic field to protect from solar wind and radiation. But slowly all of these attributes of Mars went away one by one because it lost its magnetic field.The way it lost its magnetic field is interesting.First of all mars’s magnetic field was made of sulfur iron and hydrogen as these 3 mixed it formed two liquids a mix of hydrogen and iron and a mix of iron and sulfur. As the hydrogen and sulfur separated from each other convection currents formed.This would then have made Mars’s magnetic field.But as soon as the hydrogen and sulfur fully separated the currents would stop and the magnetic field would parish.This would then cause the atmosphere to disappear then the surface water.Mars core is currently mostly made of iron, nickel, sulfur, and contains some carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.Its mantle is made of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium, and a crust made of iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium.It also has ice on it (dry ice and water ice) on its poles it is also believed to have water underground.Mars has a very thin atmosphere made of 95% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, and it has traces of oxygen, carbon monoxide, water, methane, and other gases.


 

The process of how to terraform Mars

 

 Step 1 one restore its magnetic field

 

This is a crucial step to terraforming Mars because it would help make Mars's atmosphere more dense and a possibility for water to come. 

First we would need to make an artificial magnetic field. Their are a few methods to doing this like restarting the circulation of mars core, putting a 

ring of magnets in its orbit or expose the planet to tons of magnetic plasma.

But the way I will be using is putting a ring of magnets in its orbit.How it works is by using electromagnetic and plasma waves to charge the magnets starting a current throughout the magnets forming a magnetic field.


 

Step 2  Making the Atmosphere

 

Now that we have a magnetic field we can assume that it is starting to become more moist,  warmer and also starting to develop a denser atmosphere. So now we would need to find out how to make its atmosphere better for life.So first of all we would need to blow up mars’ surface which would release tons of Co2 into the atmosphere but this is not enough so we would need to vaporize all the dry ice on mars but all of would only make it’s atmospheric pressure to 14% of earths which is not enough.So we would need 10,000 years worth of human Co2 emissions then send that to mars and the atmosphere will absorb it.





 

Step 3 The water

 

Now that we have an atmosphere, heat on Mars will start to get trapped inside the planet. This would be perfect for the underground ice to melt but we would need to drill deep underground to even find this ice. So we could also nuke the planet again to expose the ice.Once we have that done we can wait for the ice to melt on its own.This would then create flowing rivers and lakes on mars, but there's one problem the water is not drinkable because it contains perchlorates which reacts with the oxygen in the water, making us have to detoxify it.The way we can do this is by getting these genes pcrAB and cld these genes will catalyze a chemical reaction that will separate the perchlorates into oxygen and chloride which can then be filtered by using a carbon filter then you get filtered drinking water.




 

Step 4 Introducing life

 

Now that we have water we need a  breathable atmosphere to live. To do that we need cyanobacteria which will change the atmosphere from Co2 to O2 through photosynthesis but this process will take thousands of years to make it breathable.But once that is done all we need to do is grow food and start to bring humans to mars.But there is one challenge that is not fixable mars’ gravity is much different than earths so we'd need to eat tons of calcium so our bones don’t lose density and we’d also need to work out every day so we don’t experience muscle atrophy. Another problem is we’d lose 62% of your weight. 

 







 

 

 

Data

Conclusion

CONCLUSION:

 

My hypothesis was correct not only is Venus and Mars a decent candidate for a suitable planet for living organisms to live, but there are also the moon who is also quite good. But a down side is that to pull this off it would take years and it would also be very costy. We as a whole should try to value the earth more than the profit we make today.  The priority of this presentation is to show the final plan of what humanity could lead to. If we have the technology we should use it to help the earth instead of terraforming it.

We hopefully will have a proper “Planet B for our future”.

 

Citations

https://interestingengineering.com/science/forget-mars-lets-terraform-venus 

 

https://lab.nationalmedals.org/gravity.php 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpcTJW4ur54 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpcTJW4ur54 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vYDe6pfe1A 

 

https://www.istockphoto.com/ 


 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vb2ZXRh74WU&t=19s 

 

(info on planets until 8:05

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEEA2gO3ZVI&list=PLlYVsNakSKcdiVEGJVcFzWBMmR1Atc1Jz&index=5 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkqVMPJtiKs&list=PLlYVsNakSKcdiVEGJVcFzWBMmR1Atc1Jz&index=6 



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbK3GUkpdc4&list=PLlYVsNakSKcdiVEGJVcFzWBMmR1Atc1Jz&index=7

 

 

 

 

https://science.nasa.gov/mars/facts/#:~:text=Sun%20to%20Mars.-,Orbit%20and%20Rotation,same%20as%20687%20Earth%20days.

 

https://daily.jstor.org/how-mars-lost-its-magnetic-field-and-then-its-oceans/

 

https://www.planetary.org/articles/can-we-make-mars-earth-like-through-terraforming

 

https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/water#:~:text=Like%20Earth%2C%20Mars%20today%20has,lies%20underground%20in%20the%20subsurface.

 

https://science.nasa.gov/resource/dry-ice-on-mars/#:~:text=On%20Mars%20the%20seasonal%20polar,liquid%20when%20it%20gets%20warm.

 

https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/atmosphere#:~:text=Mars'%20atmosphere%20however%20is%2095,photos%20taken%20from%20the%20surface.

 

https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/ice

 

https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/mars-core-whats-really-happening

 

https://futurism.com/scientists-propose-jumpstarting-mars-magnetic-field

https://alastair-williams.medium.com/fixing-mars-is-no-easy-task-bec471c822f7#:~:text=Future%20settlers%20could%20try%20to,magnetic%20plasma%20around%20the%20planet.

 

https://www.nasa.gov/general/detoxifying-mars/#:~:text=Upon%20arrival%20at%20Mars%2C%20spores,or%20further%20purified%20as%20required.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acknowledgement

Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

https://www.youtube.com/@kurzgesagt  A massive help to this presentation 

To be continued 

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