• Partner 1:Muhammed:”I think if you put liquid gallium in small metal I think the melting process will be small but if you put liquid gallium in a bigger metal then the melting might be huge.”
• Partner 2: Musab: Musab’s: “I think it will depend on the size and where did the metal originate.Some metal are big and that makes the liquid gallium harder to melt.

What is a chemical and a chemical reaction?

A chemical is any substance that has defined composition, in simple words a chemical is always made up of the same stuff. Some chemicals are found in nature, such as water. And some are manufactured for an example chlorine.A chemical reaction is a chemical change, which means the starting materials are chemically different from the ending materials. In contrast, matter also changes form via physical changes. But, in a physical change, the chemical identity of matter does not change.

Dangers of Chemicals:

Many chemicals are highly dangerous and can cause irritation, blistering, Nerve damage, cancer and lastly disease. A chemical like chlorine is used for cleaning your clothes but drinking it can poison you giving a long term health damage, holding a chemical like mercury for too long can give you skin diseases

Purpose Of Chemicals:  

Chemicals are researched by many scientists and used for medicine, computers, fabric, and fuels.

Chemicals are very important because it benefits the human life and the quality of how you live everyday so you can live a easier life.

Independent Variable

• The type of metal aluminum and normal types of metal

Dependent Variable

• How long does it take for the melting for the metal

Controlled Variable

• The amount of gallium being added into the aluminum or normal metal

Materials Needed:

1. Normal metal pieces )
2. Aluminum metal 
3. Gallium chemical
4. Safety box 
5. Timer 
6. Protective gloves
7. Safety goggles
8. Notebook 

Step 1: Setup

• Taking the chemical and placing it down
• Building the base of the experiment
• Placing the saftey box

Step 2: Preparation of Metal Samples

• take a regular metal piece and an aluminum can.
• Cut the aluminum can into small pieces 

Step 3: Adding Gallium

• For Normal Metal:

  1. Place the normal metal piece on a clean surface.
  2. Carefully add a small amount of gallium to the metal surface. 
  3. Start the timer as soon as the gallium touches the metal.

• For Aluminum Metal:

  1. Repeat the same procedure for the aluminum metal sample (e.g., aluminum can).
  2. Add a small amount of gallium onto the aluminum surface and start the timer.

Step 4: Observation and Timing

• For Normal Metal:

  • Observe the metal piece after 15 seconds and 20 seconds.
  • Record the changes in the metal’s physical properties (e.g., hardness, shape).
  • After 15 seconds, if there is a hardening effect, note the change.
  • At 20 seconds, we check if the gallium is taking process or not and write down the observations

• For Aluminum Metal:.

  • After 30 seconds, we check for  any immediate reactions.
  • After 3-5 minutes,we  observe if the aluminum is starting to melt or weaken, and whether some of the gallium has transformed into metal and bonded with the aluminum.

Normal Metal

• We observed that after about 30 seconds the chemical hardens and changes its state
• We also observed that size and shape plays a huge role in this experiment

Aluminum Metal

• There is no inital change in the chemical after 30 seconds of it being added to the aluminum
• After a few minutes we observed and could find that the chemical is slowly taking place and meltingthe aluminum.

Amount of time for the experiment.

Normal Metal

• 15 seconds, the gallium starts the process to the metal
• 30 seconds, the gallium changes its state from a liquid to a solid
• 1 minute and above, some of the gallium becomes a piece of the normal metal

Aluminum metal

• 15 seconds, the gallium is being added to the metal
• 30 seconds, nothing is happening so far and the metal is staying the same
• 1 minute, the gallium slowly dissloves the metal 
• 2 minute and above, the melting process happens

So in conclusion a chemical reaction is when a substance is converted into one or more different other substances also known as a product. Chemical reactions involve breaking chemical bonds between reactant molecules (particles) and forming new bonds between atoms in product particles (molecules).

Application

• Aluminum Manufacturing and Alloying
• Metal Corrosion and Durability
• Metal Corrosion and Durability

Galliums effect on aluminum metal vs normal metal can help engineers desgin materials, used for the electronic industry, and widely being used in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries.

Sources of error

• Using different shapes and sizes for one of the metals
• Using too much gallium for one of the experiment
• Spilling the chemical
• Bad timing
• Metals that are not pure

https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/chemicals/#:~:text=A%20chemical%20is%20any%20substance,health%20effects%20under%20certain%20conditions.

https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/science-101/what-is-a-chemical.html

https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-environment.html

Credits And Acknowledgements 

Project made by: Musab Bona And Muhammed Kirmizigul, for making the project

Science teacher: Ms. Marwa, For teaching us the information needed

Parents Or Guardians: For volunteering to help with the project

Organizer: Ms. Mentis, for organizing this science fair project

Friends and specialtis: For giving out ideas and feedback of our presentation